Starting a nonprofit corporation is not the same as being tax-exempt under. To obtain 501(c)(3) status, newly formed entities must apply to the IRS for a formal determination of exemption. Some states require nonprofits to apply at the state level as well. Entities seeking 501(c)(3) status apply to the IRS by filing Form 1023. (Entities seeking exemption under other sections of 501(c) file Form 1024.)
Founders starting a nonprofit face a chicken and egg dilemma. Form 1023 requests considerable detail regarding the charity’s planned programs and activities. The attitude of the IRS is that requiring applicants to articulate detailed plans is a small price to pay for the significant tax benefits associated with 501(c)(3) status.
Starting a Nonprofit in Arizona: Applying for Tax Exempt Status
1. Narrative Statement
Founders starting a nonprofit often struggle to articulate their plans with the level of specificity the IRS demands. We generally try to provide at least a paragraph describing the who, what, when, where and how of each of the entity’s separately identifiable programs.
Narrative statements that are very brief tend to elicit additional questions from the IRS. Narrative statements that go on for pages create an impression of trying too hard. We generally try to provide a 1-2 page narrative description.
2. Language Matters
Many founders starting a nonprofit unknowingly use language that has a specific meaning in tax-exempt organizations parlance. This can confuse the IRS and generate long lists of questions that may not apply, but nevertheless must be responded to.
For example, there are strict rules that govern whether scientific research is in the public interest or commercial. Statements that the organization conducts research are likely to trigger a list of questions pertaining to scientific research. The terms advocacy, partnership, political, and publishing can cause similar confusion.
3. Ancillary Documents
Often, the IRS will ask applicants to provide various contracts, grant applications and agreements, scholarship applications and guidelines, cost-sharing agreements, and other evidence supporting the applicant’s plans. We have found that preparing and submitting drafts of the documents the planned activities call for can streamline the process significantly.
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4. Timing
The IRS has a process to screen applications. Applications the screener finds raise no issues are processed within a few weeks to a few months. If the IRS screener has any issues or concerns, the application is assigned to a specialist for review.
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It typically takes 4 to 5 months for the file to be assigned to a specialist. Once a file has been assigned, we usually receive follow-up questions within a few weeks. The time required to resolve follow-up questions depends upon the complexity of the issues and the experience and training of the specialist.
5. Expedited Processing
It is possible to request expedited processing of the application in cases where the applicant has been offered a grant that will lapse unless the entity provides the funder with a favorable determination letter by a specific date.
6. Interim Fundraising
Until the new charity receives its determination letter, it should disclose to potential donors that an application for 501(c)(3) status is pending. If the application is filed within 27 months of the date of incorporation and is ultimately approved, the entity’s 501(c)(3) status will be retroactive to the date of incorporation.
Donors who claim a charitable deduction before IRS issues its determination letter assume the risk that application will not be approved. Many non-profits work with a fiscal sponsor during its start-up period to ensure their donors that their contributions will be deductible.
7. User Fees
The IRS charges user fees to file an application for exemption. For those organizations that qualify for 1023-EZ, the filing fee is only $275. All others pay $600.
Read our complete updated guide on How to Start a Nonprofit in Arizona
Ellis Carter is a nonprofit lawyer with Caritas Law Group, P.C. licensed to practice in Washington and Arizona. Ellis advises nonprofit and socially responsible businesses on corporate, tax, and fundraising regulations nationwide. Ellis also advises donors with regard to major gifts. To schedule a consultation with Ellis, call 602-456-0071 or email us through our contact form.
1 thought on “Starting a Nonprofit in Arizona – Applying for Tax-Exempt Status”
These articles are tremendous! I am but one of three individuals who want to bring a nonprofit school for the deaf to west Maricopa County’s townships. We have struggled in the dark seeking help on where to begin and your articles are exactly the starting point we have been seeking.
Thank you.
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